INTERNAL ASSESMENT
⁰ 10 Marks questions: 1 )Define bone density, how is it measured? What are the causes, clinical features,diagnosis and management of osteoporosis? (1+2+2+2+3) Bone density, or bone mineral density, is the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue. Bone density measurements are used to diagnose osteoporosis . A bone density test is used to measure bone mineral content and density. It may be done using X-rays, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA or DXA), or a special CT scan It is painless and tests the risk of fracture due to osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is characterized by decrease in the amount of bone. Causes: primary- postmenopausal women and older men Secondary- cancer,COPD,CKD,certain drugs, Endocrine diseases. Clinical features: usually asymptomatic Back ache or spontaneous fractures may be seen. Investigations: x rays showing osteopenia